Legislative

• Crowding out - Crowding out occurs when the government expands its borrowing more to finance increased expenditure or tax cuts in excess of revenue crowding out private sector investment by way of higher interest rates. Government spending is also said to crowd out private spending (Shaghil Ahmed, “Temporary and Permanent Government Spending in an Open Economy,” Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 17, No. 2 (March 1986), pp. 197–224).
• Horse trading/Logrolling - The process by which legislators trade votes
• Pork barrel spending - The tendency by legislators to encourage government spending in their own constituencies, whether or not it is efficient or even useful. Senior legislators, with greater status and ability to "bring home the bacon", may be reelected for this reason, even if their policy views are at odds with their constituency.
• Rational ignorance - because there are monetary and time costs associated with gathering information